Confirmed: created a new world in 1.12.2 at seed -2984774574616727810, teleported and placed chests, opened world in 17w48a; east-facing chest was displayed as a single chest and an invisible left-side chest.
To clarify, i'm encountering the issue after updating from 17w46a.
After some testing (replacing the chests in a clean copy of the world in 17w46a, then updating to 17w48a: replaced (and re-filled) original chests; crafted entirely new chests; placed chests in different order (left first, right first, both on the ground, one on the ground one on the wall, one on the ground one on the side), replaced all blocks in contact with chests), it looks like the glitch is with the location, not the chest or placement.
I created a new world with the same seed in 17w46a, teleported to the location of the bugged chest nearest the surface and placed a double chest in the same location facing the same direction; updated the world to 17w48a, and the chest was bugged (double chest and single chest overlapping ).
I went back to the 17w46a copy and placed the chests in the same spot but facing the opposite direction and then updated again; the chest was still bugged, but this time it was a single chest with an invisible left-side.
Seed:
-2984774574616727810
Chest placement:
-10587 68 -3567 and -3568
Safe teleport location:
-10597 73 -3568
I've encountered the same problem (in 17w47a and b, and 17w48a) with four double-chests on my world: two of them (both west-facing) display a single chest on the right with an invisible type: left; two (both north-facing) display a double chest on the right with an overlapping single chest on the right. In all cases, opening the chest displays the single-chest inventory of whichever side was clicked.
4GB assigned to the game; uncompressed world is 6.09GB. Increasing memory to 8GB solved the problem.
Still going in 14w27b.
I'm seeing the same thing in 14w27b. Visual glitch only, doesn't affect travel.
Still an issue in 18w03b.