Building the same redstone contraption in different places sometimes leads to timing working out differently in one.
In the example pics provided, the first contraption has a torch that flashes on for one tick, but in the second, the torch does not flash, despite being identical in every way except world location.
Also included is the world download. Machine "A" works as intended. Machine "B" is a perfect copy and yet functions differently, causing it to not work.
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I've downloaded your save and tested the machines. Couldn't find any difference. Still, the second one didn't work.
There seem to be quite a lot of issues related to pistons and the blockupdates of surrounding blocks recently.
You could leave a comment about your case in the comment section of the original ticket: MC-123311

Thanks! Glad it was reproducible. Commented on the original. Sad to see there are so many problematic edge cases with redstone.
Summary sounds like duplicate of MC-11193

Can confirm in 1.17.1, but I agree that this looks like a duplicate of MC-11193.