I noticed this bug when creating my extra bosses datapack. I had a drowned boss and it wouldn't throw the enchanted trident I gave it. I had to use some mcfunctions to change the nbt data of the thrown trident.
Can confirm in 21w11a. This can easily be seen with a riptide trident. Run the following command, and notice how the enchantments of the trident are not considered when the drowned uses it.
confirmed for 18w20c