I see this as well looking through glass underwater.
This image is also an example of gpu visual errors caused by a beacon ray, but on a third party server (I have contacted the server developers and I confirmed the issue is on my end and caused by the beacon ray being rendered, and also was able to “fix” it by using a third party texture pack to stop rendering the ray.
Will attach a screenshot of my f3 screen later today, but the only helpful information is me using Intel Graphics 2500
The same does not happen when looking through just water or just glass, only through glass and water.