Taylor Depree

Weird, I'm able to do it in survival as well. Thank you for pointing out it was a dupe.

Okay, thank you for testing this for me. Looking through issues further back than I initially did, MC-109246 describes the same thing. Unsure why it is marked as cannot reproduce.
This will probably work in all other versions too past the initial version MC-109246 marked.

Dupe of MC-152824.
Go into /gamemode spectator, then place yourself in front of the door you got stuck in. next do /gamemode creative and break the door.

Dupe of MC-152824.
Go into /gamemode spectator, then place yourself in front of the door you got stuck in. next do /gamemode creative and break the door.

Check out MC-152824, it's exactly what you've shown here.

Using the world Yax provided, I was not able to replicate the bug on 1.14.2-pre4.

Duplicate of MC-147715.

Is this a singleplayer world?
Could you upload the folder in a .RAR format on any file hosting site so people can check if it's only an issue on your end?
My 1.14pre-4 world has plenty of tropical fish spawning.

The JVM arguments are made for average computers with average specs. I've played MC on so many different computers and they all ran normally if you didn't bump your render distance up to max.
What are your specs?

Try checking out MC-142134. It has a temporary fix, if what you're describing is the same thing.

Affects 1.14.2-pre4

Affects 1.14.2-pre4

Affects 1.14.2-pre4

Affects 1.14.2-pre4

Can reproduce. Here is an easy command to get a sword that doesn't drop a bunch of leather.

/give @p minecraft:diamond_sword{Enchantments:[{id:"minecraft:looting",lvl:50}]} 1

EDIT: Working in all 1.14.2 snapshots.

Looking through your crash report, it says you have the "Intel 845G" which was released WAY WAY back in May of 2002. Is this your first time trying to run anything post 1.13.2? 

If it is, I'm sorry to say, but your GPU doesn't support VBO, which will now always be turned on, but only on versions past 1.13.2. 

You can read more about it here: https://www.reddit.com/r/Minecraft/comments/bc34cs/psa_want_to_play_114_on_an_old_intel_integrated/

Can confirm this happens to me, I do not know how to reproduce as it happens randomly. Blurred out are names. I've been experiencing them since 1.14.1 came out, not during 1.14 (although server lag was a different issue)

Pretty sure Java Edition stopped supporting alt codes back in 2014 or 2015, I'll come back to this if I can find the date / year / version support ceased.

Affects all 1.14 snapshots, and all 1.14.2 snapshots

(honestly if it affects all of these versions i would say it hasn't been fixed in any but that's not proven yet)

Affects 1.14.2-pre3