This looks like the same behavior discussed in MC-237598. The last two comments there describe projectiles continuing to move on the client while frozen on the server, then snapping back when they enter simulation distance again. A Mojang developer stated that this is intended behavior.
The report from MC-146524 looks relevant - specifically included drowned among the affected zombie mobs and was fixed in 26.1 Snapshot 1. Since this is happening again in 26.3, this may be a regression of that issue.