Turtle example:
As per Issue MC-125562, Turtles are supposed to and do indeed drop bowls when struck by lightning. The lightning however also destroys the bowl which was just dropped by the turtle, making it seem like no item ever drops.
We confirmed that the bowl gets dropped by testing for dropped bowls with command blocks (they exist for 1-2 ticks) and also by killing a turtle with lightning on top of a hopper . The hopper in this case sucks the bowl in before it is destroyed.
After testing some more mobs it seems like no item drop ever survives the lightning.
Fix
Fix by @unknown can be found in this comment.
Still in 21w05b
This seriously ruins a game mechanic which you guys intended.