The minecraft:generic.fall_damage_multiplier attribute does not function for several mobs, most of which are affected differently by fall damage.
Affected entities
minecraft:camel
minecraft:donkey
minecraft:goat
minecraft:horse
minecraft:llama
minecraft:mule
minecraft:skeleton_horse
minecraft:trader_llama
minecraft:zombie_horse
It is also worth noting that all entities in the fall_damage_immune entity tag are also technically subject to this issue, as having a value above 0 will not permit them to have fall damage - it may be worth removing this tag from the game and instead giving these entities a minecraft:generic.fall_damage_multiplier of 0 by default instead:
minecraft:allay
minecraft:bat
minecraft:bee
minecraft:blaze
minecraft:cat
minecraft:chicken
minecraft:ghast
minecraft:iron_golen
minecraft:magma_cube
minecraft:ocelot
minecraft:parrot
minecraft:phantom
minecraft:shulker
minecraft:snow_golem
minecraft:wither
How to reproduce
Summon a horse
/attribute @e[type=minecraft:horse,limit=1,sort=nearest] minecraft:generic.fall_damage_multiplier base set 0
/tp @e[type=minecraft:horse,limit=1,sort=nearest] ~ ~10 ~
Observed: The horse incurred fall damage.
Expected: The horse should not suffer fall damage.
Relates to MC-270117