I'm on realms server. We used to get patrols very regularly and then they just stopped spawning. Now, we get zero patrols. They stopped even before the 1.16 update. Another observation is that we have not found a pillager outpost.
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probably duplicates MCPE-75470
I don't believe this is only for realms. I play a private survival world and the same issue occurs for me. I'm not on pc, I'm on playstation 4.
Even prior to 1.16 my old world was extremely scarce in patrols. This new world has had 1 patrol and since then nothing. I have added vantage points around my village, in my village, and beyond my village. Camped out away from my village. Made sure golems were not killing patrols. The zombies pose more of a treat to my village than the raiding npc themselves at the moment.

This bug is due to the spawn radius and minecraft:player_in_village_filter
within spawn_rules\pillager_patrol.json
not being adjusted to work with the spawn/despawn radius changes in 1.16.0. The radius and filter together require patrols to spawn at exactly 48 blocks from the player when the player is inside a village. That distance is farther away than the overall spawn range and instant despawn range of 44 blocks on realms/sim4.
On top of that, some time before the spawn/despawn radius changes, a change was made to increase village_border_tolerance
from 10 to 32 (probably as part of the fix to MCPE-58285). This means the 48 block spawn distance applies as soon as the player is within 32 blocks of a village's outer boundary. The end result is that a single bed and villager will patrol-proof a 128 x 128 area when players are inside of it on simulation distance 4.
The minecraft:player_in_village_filter
parameters also make patrols quite rare when a player is in the 128 x 128 area on simulation distances 6+ because they limit spawn attempt success to the outer ring of the patrol spawn range. That effectively gives patrol spawn attempts an extra 95% failure multiplier when the player is "near" a village.
From a larger perspective, it is difficult to see what purpose is served by the minecraft:player_in_village_filter
. If the goal is to not allow patrols to spawn within villages, then this filter is poorly designed for it. Requiring patrols to spawn farther from the player when the player is in a village only prevents patrols from spawning in the village if the player is near the village center. If the player is on one side of a village, then the filter allows patrols to spawn on the other side of the village. And worse, if the player is at a certain distance from the village boundary (within the "border tolerance" range), then the filter allows patrols to spawn right in the middle of the village.
Patrols restarted to spawn correctly in 1.17.11 realms.

Clayton de Oliver’s Jr: There has been no change in the patrol spawn rules. For that reason, I expect that any change you are seeing is likely due to playing the game differently, for example, spending less time in villages. Can you give any detail?
@GoldenHelmet, the nearest village from our base (located at 150, -150) is in 168, 152. As I can remember, we spent 3 game sessions (circa 6h of playing) out of the village, maybe less, because my daughter is building a school for the villagers and spend more time there 🙂
We were inside our base, smelting ores, when outside appeared a patrol without a captain, just 2 illagers. Then, in the subsequent playing session, appeared just the captain. It was a looong time since we saw patrols, so I thought the bug was solved in 1.17.11.
Now I upgraded to .30, if more patrols appear I'll post here.
Affects 1.18
Affects 1.18.1
Affects 1.18.2
This bug seems to be only for realms and since the 1.16 update. We have had the same experience. We play almost every day and there have been absolutely no pillager patrols since the update. Since the update we have found a pillager outpost and made a raid farm that works. So there are pillagers, just not on patrols.