The resource pack attached to MC-237955 offers a complete fix for this issue. Mojang have my full permission to (and are encouraged to) replace the affected vanilla model files with the contents of the resource pack.
The bug
The back faces of spawner blocks do not render. This results in spawners looking rather odd, as only the faces closest to the player are visible, making it look like the block only has one to three faces total.
This can be considered a parity issue, as spawners in Bedrock Edition are not subject to this.
How to reproduce
Obtain a spawner via commands (the Creative inventory will not work for this, see MC-132820):
/give @s minecraft:spawner
Place down a single, isolated spawner block
Observe how many faces are visible. Depending on the view direction, between one and three faces are able to be seen.
Now go around to the other side of the spawner block
Note how there are indeed faces there as well, despite the original view direction implying there are no faces with spawner bars.
Expected result
These back faces of the spawner would be visible from all faces.
Actual result
The spawner block just doesn't show the back faces, which looks very strange.
How to fix
The resource pack attached to MC-237955 fixes this issue completely. A new "hollow cube" template model is created by it, based on the old powder snow model. Powder snow, spawners and both types of azalea leaves (MC-171859) are all pointed to this model, resulting in them having internal faces and fixing this issue.
Related issues
is duplicated by
relates to
Attachments
Comments

Pretty sure this is intended, as MC-34649 was fixed?

Relates to MC-129108.

To fix. Spawners and leaves should render back faces, or changes to spawners and leaves to 3d texture.

Split off leaves into MC-171859

Models to fix this attached
Can confirm in 20w51a.
Can confirm in 21w06a.
Can confirm in 21w07a.
Can confirm in 1.16.5 and 21w08b.
Can confirm in 21w14a. Requesting ownership as the reporter's account has been marked as inactive.

Duplicate of [MC-34751]

Powder snow have back face texture so they should have way to fix.

Is not a duplicate is a clone.

Can confirm in 21w40a.

May I request ownership of this ticket as the owner of many other model tickets, including another ticket which entirely fixes this issue (MC-237955)?

Confirmed with 21w42a

Can confirm in 21w43a.

Can confirm in 21w44a.
Can confirm in 1.18.
Can confirm in 1.18.1.
Can confirm in 1.18.2.
Can confirm in 1.19.

Can confirm in 1.19.2.

This has been fixed in 23w45a.