Potentially caused by MC-191170.
When at excessive distances from the world origin (best reproduced over 2^24 blocks, so go for 20 million or more for roundness), it appears that vibrations sensed by sculk sensors can originate from positions rather distant from the expected source. For example, the sand block broken in the example screenshots provided displays a vibration being created at the far corner of the adjacent block, rather than the block which is being broken itself.
The exact coordinate of the sand block and sculk sensors in question, as well as the facing direction, can be found in the provided screenshots' F3 menus.
Linked issues
relates to 4
MC-164352
Casting issue: Snow animation becomes stretched when being very high above the ground
Open
MC-186362
Casting issue: Translucent block rendering breaks down at high distances
Resolved
MC-191170
Casting issue: Positional audio can come from the wrong location at high coordinates
Reopened
MC-192718
Casting issue: Temperature loses precision at high distances leading to incorrect snow and ice generation and incorrect snowfall
Open
Attachments
Comments 5
Here's a case where they are generated as far as possible from the block as can be done with a precision loss of 2 (16777216+ blocks), namely the far corner of the block only diagonally adjacent; look closely for thin teal lines above the four stairs corner:
This appears to be fixed as of 22w17a, but I'm not sure when. I suspect 22w14a due to the fixing of MC-207289 - will have to test.
Can confirm.