Steps to Reproduce:
Place one of the mentioned blocks;
Point at it with a block on the hand and press the use button
Observed Results:
The player is unable to place anything while directly pointing at them.
Expected Results:
The block is placed.
Screenshots/Videos attached: No
Notes: In order to place the block, either aim at another block that is adjacent or sneak before trying to place it.
Related issues
is duplicated by
relates to
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Comments

Also affects lecterns and cauldrons.

Try doing it while sneaking

Confirmed for 1.12 and 1.13.0.2.
This also applies to beds during the day (when players are too far away from them to set their spawnpoint), chests and shulker boxes that can't be opened, and iron doors. This is all avoidable by sneaking though.
Relates to MC-133691.

Confirmed for 1.13.0.6.
Updated description to make it easier to understand.

Relates to MCPE-37389.
Confirmed for 1.14.0.1.

The cauldron side of this issue is a parity issue as of Java Minecraft snapshot 20w45a.

This bug also affects jukeboxes.

Chiseled bookshelf is not affected anymore in current versions.

Confirmed in 1.21.44