When pressing the "Minecraft Realms" button to bring up the list of realms I have joined, I get the following error message with no other details:
"Realms (429):"
Everything was working just fine less than 30 minutes ago with no new changes or configurations made since then.
Restarting Minecraft does not fix the issue.
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is duplicated by 91
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Issue still persists.
I confirm it is present as of time I write this comment.
As this is paid service I'd assume this type of tickets should be handled quite let no one from Mojang team are not even changing state to Confirmed.

And its gone.

While resolving this issue please provide references how can one who pays for service can get refund for unavailablity time.
I assume this type of complain should be covered by Terms of Service.

Can anyone help me and see how this can be fixed

The "429" error isn't a bug. It is the server stability measures kicking in. A 429 error is common on pretty much every server or website and provides prevention against DDoS attacks. This means that if you try to log into your realm too many times inside a certain time frame, the server sees all the requests sent from your machine and decides to not let any of them through. This is why you may be locked out but other users can join, since the server hasn't gotten loads of requests from their machines.
Let me reiterate: THE 429 ERROR IS NOT A BUG! It is the server's anti-DDoS system. If you get this error, it is best to leave it for 20-30 minutes and try again to let the request backlog refresh. No amount of reloading your game or restarting your system can bypass it (unless you manage to switch IPs).
There are some exceptions, though. If you are truly getting on the realm for the first time that day and you are immediately met with one of these errors, it is most likely a server-side issue, which you can contact Mojang about. But if you have been leaving and reentering your realm frequently, don't be surprised when this error pops up. If you are disconnecting as a means of vanilla-style pausing, like if you are following a tutorial in survival mode, it's best to just build a box around you so that you don't get a backlog of requests.
Hope this clarifies everything.

This would make sense if I've logged into minecraft more than once from my computer today. This was only the second time.

@nicholas, although you are technically right about the description of what a 429 error should mean, shouting "THIS IS NOT A BUG" is incorrect.
My guess is the people that are following and upvoting this thread (me included) are the ones that have this issue on the first attempt of the day. Seen by the many upvotes this issue has, I don't think it's realistic to think that so many people are "DDOS'ing their own realm" I don't think a lot of people enjoy logging in and out every second.
And even then 429 should only prevent failed login connections (hacking attempts?). I'm paying for this server, so I should be able to log in and out whenever I want. Of course there should be protection for 100 logins in one minute, etc. But not for normal use of logging in and out, let's say once every minute (as long as it's a successful login attempt).
I got this error 3 days in a row around 18:00 (CET) one time it was fixed after about 40 minutes, the next in 20 minutes, and the day after that it connected at my second attempt, 2 minutes later.
The first day my Minecraft launcher + computer was turned on the entire day on the realms screen, so I thought that might have been the issue. But the other 2 days my computer was turned off and I had the same issue.
Didn't experience the issue since 3 days now, so I'm pretty sure there is something wrong on the server side, and it's effecting a lot of people, and because we're paying for this, they should make sure this doesn't happen (I've never had this issue with netflix/disney etc, which is the same price) And i just started using realms since 2 weeks ago.

We're tracking improving this experience as ADO 664333
Thank you for your report!
Minecraft Realms for Java Edition has received a lot of updates and fixes over the last two years, so this issue has probably already been fixed in the meantime (e.g. because it was a temporary outage or an issue with the base game).
Since this bug report has not been updated since at least two years, please let us know if this is still an issue in current versions of Minecraft and update the bug report if applicable. If this is no longer an issue, please let us know as well. Thanks!
This issue is being temporarily resolved as Awaiting Response. Once the requested information has been delivered, the report will be reopened automatically.
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I am currently having this issue as well. Tried restarting Minecraft, I even tried restarting my laptop. Super frustrating.