How to reproduce
Go to the middle of an ocean (without islands or landing places nearby) or build a pool so mobs in it cannot escape this body of water.
Put short mobs that can drown in it (I don't have a precise hitbox height to tell, but tested mobs are baby cats/chicken/pig/wolf/ocelot/ and silverfish)
It looks like they are swimming, but if you look carefully, they are a bit darker (more obvious for baby wolves), which means they are "submerged" in water according to the game engine.
Wait for them to drown
Note: This does not depends on water depth, they will try to float to the surface but still drowned just below the surface. It is not because they cannot swim, but they failed to float high enough to avoid drowning, which makes it an important distinction from another bug described below.
This bug should not be confused with MC-9388 Baby mobs cannot swim. I also originally thought that bug had reoccurred. However, there are several important distinctions:
It depends on the hitbox height, not whether the mob is a baby or not
For example, some tall babies will not drown, such as baby polar bears
The baby do float, and seems to be swimming above the surface, but is actually considered submerged by the game
A list of affected mobs as of 19w11b (before the reopening of this bug) can be found in the comment https://bugs.mojang.com/browse/MC-134755?focusedCommentId=515912&page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels%3Acomment-tabpanel#comment-515912
A list of affected mobs as of 1.14.3 (after the reopening of this bug) is:
BABY Foxes only
BABY cats only
Endermites
Silverfish
Pictures
1.12 (Expected behavior)
[media]1.13 (Actual behavior)
[media]Related issues
is duplicated by
relates to
Attachments
Comments


Full grown cats and ocelots are doing this now too in the recent snapshot.

The only mob I can confirm is doing this now (in 18w45a) is the silverfish. This is only for adult mobs though. I haven't tested it with babies.

The cats still do this in 18w50a.
Would it be possible to add that version to the report?

Still happens in 19w02a, more specifically with cats which is very concerning considering they've been updated recently. (More people will be messing around with them)

Baby chickens die when swimming in water in 19w03c, don't know if this is intended.

Please add a list of all affected mobs, and whitch state they are in. Example: Mob: Dog, State: Young puppy

Full list of every affected mob
--Tested as of 19w11b. Note that a mob being tamed does not affect this.
ADULT and BABY Cats
BABY Chickens only
BABY Ocelots only
BABY Pigs only
BABY Wolves only
BABY Foxes only
Endermites
Silverfish
The problem appears to be that these smaller mobs can't keep their heads above the water. Their swimming positions seem to have been somehow altered. Both adults and baby Rabbits probably would be on this list but their swimming methods are an anomaly; their whole body bounces out of the water.

Confirmed on 19w07a and affects Baby Foxes

Still in 19w08a

Also still in 19w08b. Tested with cats.

Still in 19w09a.

Can confirm in 19w09a, and this is total bullshit. I finally managed to find and tame 4 cats, and of them fully 3 managed to drown themselves.

Still in 19w11a. Perhaps the list I commented earlier should be added to the main report so it's clear about what mobs are affected.

Confirmed for 19w11b

Just happened to me in 19w11b as well
Still happens in 19w12b
Still happens in 19w13b

All of my pet cats drowned. 19w14b

yep, still going on in 19w14b
Its frustrating. the pet doesnt even have a chance to try getting out of the however shallow water they have zipped into. youd think if they hated water, they would avoid jumping into it in the first place.
I had an adult cat drown in a single block of water before i could even reach it some 4 blocks away. It was right next to land too.

Could this issue be reopened? Baby cats drown again.
Test with version 1.14.3 Pre-Release 4.

@hkniberg Can confirm that baby cats are still drowning even in the latest version (1.14.2 by time of this comment) This issue need to be re-opened.

Confirmed for baby foxes in 1.14.3. This needs to be reopened, it's a big problem again!

Reopened, since it sounds like all mobs are still affected. (If some mobs were fixed but others were not, please comment)

@pokechu22 I put a list of affected mobs after the reopening of this bug (as of 1.14.3) in the description of this bug. The notable differences between the 2 lists (1.14.3 vs. 19w11b) are that the drowning issue for all (adult and baby) wolves, pigs, ocelots (not domestic), and chickens and adult domestic cats are fixed, BUT the issue of baby foxes and domestic cats are not fixed.

Just recently watched some baby foxes drown last night when i was playing, still not fixed!

Confirmed on 20w13b

Affects 20w19a

Baby foxes still drowned in version 1.16-rc1
[media]
Confirmed in 20w27a

Still affects baby foxes in 20w27a
This should be reopened.

Please create a separate issue for this.