Updated description by @unknown
Expected Results:
When a player dies, its items drop at the place of death and can be found by returning to that position (before the 5-minute timer runs out).
Observed Results:
When a player dies in certain circumstances, some of its items seem to disappear.
Steps to reproduce:
Following are 3 parallel sets of reproduction steps for 3 circumstances that lead to the removal of some of a player's items from the place of death.
Case A: death while suffocating inside solid blocks
Construct a 1 x 2 x 1 roofed chamber out of solid blocks. Set up a piston on one side that can push the wall in at head level. Connect the piston to a button that is accessible within the chamber.
Equip armor and an offhand item, and put some items in your inventory.
Enter the chamber.
Push the button and wait to suffocate.
Respawn and inspect the place of death. The inventory items will be in the air block where your feet were. The equipped items will be on top of the roof of the chamber.
Demostration of Case A:
[media]Case B: death while swimming
Construct a water-filled room with a solid block roof of any thickness.
Equip armor and an offhand item, and put some items in your inventory.
Swim in the block just below the ceiling, and note whether you are facing upward into the ceiling or not.
Die in whatever way you wish.
Respawn and inspect the place of death. If you were facing upward into the ceiling in steps (3)-(4), all of your items will be on the roof. If you were not facing upward, the equipped items will be on top of the roof, and the inventory items will be in the water-filled room.
Demonstration of Case B, facing upward:
[media]
Demostration of Case B, not facing upward:
[media]
Case C: death from falling
Construct a platform 1 or 2 blocks thick, several blocks above the ground.
Equip armor and an offhand item, and put some items in your inventory.
Fly or teleport up very high above the platform.
Fall to your death on the platform.
Respawn and inspect the place of death. The equipped items will be on the platform you landed on. The inventory items may be on ground below the platform.
If all items are on the platform, repeat these steps. Inventory items are more likely to fall below the platform when client-server latency is higher (such as when falling from greater elevation and therefore faster, or in a multiplayer game).
Demonstration of Case C:
[media][media]
Explanation:
All 3 cases depend on equipped items and inventory items dropping in different places when a player dies. Inventory items drop at the player’s position, in the same block as its feet (or head when swimming). Equipped items drop at +2Y (the block above the player’s head when standing). I’ll call this “split drops.”
Case A is a consequence of split drops, and the normal behavior of items in solid blocks.
Case B is a consequence of split drops, the normal behavior of items in solid blocks, and MCPE-31896.
Case C is a consequence of split drops and the way the player death algorithm handles client-server latency. It appears that the server determines player death, but the client determines player position for item drops. Upon death from falling, items drop as if the player was positioned anywhere from 3 blocks below to 5 or more blocks above the place of impact. (May relate to MCPE-65094)
Original Description:
So I died by drowning. I respawned at the world spawn, and returned to my base in a short amount of time (less than 2 minutes). I then slept to pass the night, and within another minute I was back at the location where I died, however the only item floating on the surface was an iron pickaxe. All of my other items seemed to disappear. I certainly made it back to my items within 5 minutes, and there was still an item left. What happened here? Seed is -1403231618 and the coordinates where this happened are 404, 73, 852.
Edit 3/7/2020: Unfortunately I don't remember much else from what happened during this incident. I hadn't been playing for more than 40 minutes. I also likely was pushing up against a sand block when I died, as I was trying to get to the surface along the edge of the shore but died pretty far under the water. I don't think I had armor yet, just basic items you can collect quickly in the beginning of the game. I'm thinking shovel, sword, maybe some food, wood, a map, etc. Listed cause of death was drowning.
Call for more information
If you have had this problem, we'd be grateful for your details. Tell us what kind of damage caused your death, whether and what kind of items (armor, tools, weapons, other) were dropped and lost, and what the chat listed as your cause of death. Also, if you can remember, how recently were the disappearing items crafted?
Related issues
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In this video (link copied from MCPE-58548) you can see this bug in operation. I have attached a series of single frames that illustrate how it happens and raise questions about the sequence of events.
#1
[media]
Just before the fatal impact, the player has full health, 11 levels, and all their hotbar items. There are two oddities I'm not sure I have an explanation for. First, the paper doll is not visible, although it is turned on throughout the video. Possibly, I caught it between renders with and without the red overlay that shows damage being absorbed. Second, the Y coordinate reads 62, which is where the water block is, rather than 63 where the floor is. The crosshairs are on the water, though off-center, so perhaps the player's collision box has not yet intersected a solid block. (Note that the coordinate display is always rounded down to the nearest integer, so the player's actual Y coordinate could potentially be just barely below 63.)
#2
[media]
Upon impact, the player has lost all their health (but not their XP yet). All the items in their hotbar have been removed, apparently including their armor if the paper doll is accurate. No impact particles have been generated yet. The player's Y coordinate is now 63, the floor level.
#3
[media]
Start of death sequence. The iron leggings have been dropped. No other items are in frame, but as we'll see in a moment the other 3 armor pieces will or have dropped, but none of the other items. The HUD has been removed. The first impact particles are being generated, but surprisingly they seem to be coming out of the water.
#4
[media]
Just before return to the death site, 12 seconds after death. Armor pieces are on the floor, other items are nowhere to be found.
#5
[media]
After landing in water, armor pieces are being sucked into inventory. The duplication of armor items in hotbar and in the water is probably normal, because the sucking animation runs over time while the hotbar update is instantaneous. Most people probably never notice it.

Since the fall to death happens in a corner and the items that remain are up to 2 blocks away by taxicab distance, could some have spawned in the walls to the south and east? If those walls are 1-thick they could have glitched to the other side; if they are >1 thick I think they would be deleted. The items shouln't spawn in solid blocks, but maybe they did.

I don't think "spawning" is an accurate term for what you're describing, but even if we think of it that way, the items don't spawn away from the player. They spawn at the player's head with momentum in a random direction, or at least the animation makes it look that way. So it would be exactly like the player dropping the items (with Q) while facing in random directions. Item entities like those are excluded from solid blocks using the same behavior that an item in a hole uses when you fill the hole with a solid block. There are times when I think I've seen such an item disappear, but tbh I don't dig around looking for them, so they might have gone into a block below.
I guess it might be slightly possible that they could glitch through a corner if there's air on the opposite corner, if the direction of momentum was just right, but it's not believable that every one of 4 pieces of armor went into the room while every one of 7 other items went precisely into a corner.

I also had this problem recently, inventory was completely deleted (including the armour) twice in the latest release
still waiting for a fix

If the original poster is still watching this report, I wonder if you could confirm whether your feet were stuck in sand when you died? I loaded your seed and went to the position you reported, and noticed that just next to it is some sand that could have fallen on you. It made me wonder if the reason you drowned was that you got stuck in blocks. If your feet were in a block when you died, then possibly your items could have "spawned" inside solid blocks and been unable to glitch out. Do you think it's possible that the pickaxe floated up because it spawned above you like armor because you were using it at the time you died?
Update: I tested my the feet-in-block theory and this happened:
[media]Since you found a pickaxe, not armor or offhand items, my next guess (based on testing at that spot) is that your other items spread far into the cave and were hiding up against the ceiling behind a corner. Death in water can spread items farther than death on land because of how they slowly float.
It may be worth adding here that if you die while swimming up against a ceiling, your armor and offhand item will spawn 2 blocks above your head like this:
[media](due to MCPE-31896) and glitch upward through any number of solid blocks (as described in this comment ).

GoldenHelmet, I'm pretty sure I was near sand or gravel at the bottom, but out of the cave. I don't believe I had any armor on, and the pick axe was likely the item I was holding in my hand. That's all I can remember, sorry.

Suggestions for fix:
Note that some changes that might fix one case would worsen others. For example, if equipped items were made to drop at the player’s feet like inventory items, that by itself would mitigate A and B but amplify C. Here are two ideas for fixing this bug:
A threefold fix: (1) make all items drop at the player’s feet, (2) adjust the player’s shape while swimming so that it can’t get so close the to block above by looking up, and (3) change the death algorithm to update client position for item drops based on server death position.
Expand the death algorithm to give different positions for item drops depending on the cause of death and whether the player is swimming or standing at time of death.

somtimes if you die in the nether you will get some items and xp back with you to overworld(insta reapawn on, off maybee)

oh I made a report but I didn't mention that I suffocated in a slime block

I died to an iron golem at about coordinates -15 83 -966, respawned at -22 93 -965 and would not have gone further in any direction away than -3 94 -973 when I returned to the point about 15 seconds later only the armour I was wearing and the shield in my offhand were on the ground, all items in my hot bar and inventory (including diamond armour and netherite) were gone. After copying the world and summoning entities to myself to check if the items were still in the world I found that they had been destroyed completely. I died pushed towards a dirt block with 2 dirt blocks above a pit below me.

@@unknown I’m having a hard time picturing the death spot you describe. Could you attach a pictire? Was there lava in the pit? Were there other mobs nearby that could have picked up your items?

This Happened to me when I flew into a pole with riptide + elytra in the rain. Both the trident and elytra despawned. Everything else was fine

Per MCPE-92901 if you are killed by a channeling trident the lightning will destroy all of your items.

The 1.16.100.58 changelog states:
Made some small changes around how we calculate the spawn position of dropped items from a player that dies from falling
Could we get some feedback on how that affects this bug (Case C in the description)?

This is still here unfortunately.

This happened to me. I was wearing no armor, but I had all stone tools, I was near a lake and a skeleton killed me. Chat said "shot by Arrow". My stone sword disappeared.

@@unknown: in your case, the skeleton or some other monster probably picked up the sword. That would be working as intended.

This issue appears to have been fixed by the removal of the legacy fall damage packet from client mentioned in the 1.16.100 changelog. Items and equipment now both drop from above the player's head.
Items no longer drop below the floor when the player falls from very high (tested 150 block fall).
Items no longer drop inside the water when the player dies by suffocation while swimming up against a ceiling.
Items no longer drop inside an open space at the player's feet when the player dies by suffocation with its head in a block.
There is a chance that items and equipment can still be separated if when the player dies by suffocation inside a block. When I tested suffocating inside a solid 3 x 3 x 3 cube, my equipment ended up on top of the cube and my items a few blocks out to the side. I will write this up in a new ticket and update here with the link.

This issue definitely hasn't been resolved. This just happened to me twice within 5 minutes.
I'm in the Nether, building a ladder down from my portal/base to find Ancient Debris. I was starting to build a cage around the ladder for an open section it goes through and I "fell from a high place." Since it's a straight shot down, it only took about 30 seconds to get back to my gear. Everything was there except for my bow.
A fully enchanted bow with Infinity, Unbreaking III, Power IV, Punch II, Curse of Vanishing and Flame I, I might add.
My inventory wasn't full, but even still, I re-equipped my armor and shield on the spot and then started to re-organize my inventory. Noticing that my bow was gone, I looked everywhere around where I died and even went back up to where I fell from and looked all around there. The bow was just gone.
Then I looked up this bug on here and decided to climb up a ways to a little nook by my ladder to see if it was hiding in there. That's when I fell again, and same problem. Only this time I had everything but my Potion of Fire Resistance.
It seems like the game is just targeting my most valuable items. I don't have any blaze rods yet so I can't brew, so those potions are extremely hard to come by.
And that was such an awesome bow T.T
EDIT: I died in a tiny little cave with no entrances except my ladder and no mobs. There weren't any mobs around when I went back for my stuff, either. And no blast or lava damage from any source.

If your bow had curse of vanishing, that is intended. Curse of vanishing means it disappears upon death.

@Kae Raine Elnliwilts
I believe your issue with the bow is a separate bug where bows act up in the Nether.

I feel silly.
Thank you for clearing that up 🙂
(Still dunno why I lost my Potion of Fire Resistance though)

This issue is still relevant.
Just died while flying with elytra, got all my items back, except for an equipped elytra. Happened at the overworld and elytra was not enchanted with curse of binding, and was at almost full durability. Checked all caves underneath hoping that it would have somehow glitched through the ground but still nothing. All this within 5 minute despawn time.
Could you please investigate this more? Can't really provide reproducable world save.
EDIT: Version: 1.17.1
EDIT v2: Cause of death was hitting head too hard in the ground

FryNights: this report will not be reopened. For the current version we are tracking disappearing items at MCPE-121025.