Possible Workaround
A workaround that has worked for many users is to restart your device fully and then load up the launcher again.
When I open the Minecraft Launcher, it says: "Sorry, something went terribly wrong and you encountered a bug. Please file a report here."
Launcher log
The relevant parts of the launcher log appear to be:
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:10:45.4681967: NetQueue.cpp(157)] NetQueue: Setting up.
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:10:45.4705416: NetQueue.cpp(575)] NetQueue: worker thread started.
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:10:45.4708901: mainWindows.cpp(80)] Running launcher bootstrap (version 1000)
[Error: 2021-06-15 23:10:45.6018538: Settings.cpp(40)] Failed to determine configuration file size: The system cannot find the file specified.
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:10:45.6142503: NetQueue.cpp(157)] NetQueue: Setting up.
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:10:45.6196282: NetQueue.cpp(575)] NetQueue: worker thread started.
[Error: 2021-06-15 23:10:45.6739686: Settings.cpp(40)] Failed to determine configuration file size: The system cannot find the file specified.
[...]
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:10:45.8352620: LauncherConfiguration.cpp(261)] Error opening: ...\Minecraft Launcher\game\.version, Error message: no such file or directory
[...]
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:11:02.0400887: GameVersionManager.cpp(205)] Couldn't read local cache of the Mojang versions manifest: generic:2
[Error: 2021-06-15 23:11:02.0402898: GameVersionManager.cpp(242)] Can't read directory %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\versions: The system cannot find the path specified.
[...]
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:11:18.3399096: client_handler.cpp(220)] Handling PostTelemetryEvent message
[Error: 2021-06-15 23:11:18.6300029: app.bff87320.bundle.js(2)] OnConsoleMessage: TypeError: Cannot read property 'versionId' of undefined
[Error: 2021-06-15 23:11:21.3558487: app.bff87320.bundle.js(2)] OnConsoleMessage: TypeError: Cannot read property 'versionId' of undefined
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:11:22.6940394: client_handler.cpp(220)] Handling PostTelemetryEvent message
[Error: 2021-06-15 23:11:23.7675184: app.bff87320.bundle.js(2)] OnConsoleMessage: TypeError: Cannot read property 'versionId' of undefined
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:11:23.8324183: client_handler.cpp(220)] Handling PostTelemetryEvent message
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:11:25.3047183: client_handler.cpp(220)] Handling PostTelemetryEvent message
[Error: 2021-06-15 23:11:26.4837235: app.bff87320.bundle.js(2)] OnConsoleMessage: TypeError: Cannot read property 'versionId' of undefined
[Info: 2021-06-15 23:11:26.5477246: client_handler.cpp(220)] Handling PostTelemetryEvent message
[Error: 2021-06-15 23:11:27.6509686: app.bff87320.bundle.js(2)] OnConsoleMessage: TypeError: Cannot read property 'versionId' of undefined
Full
[media]is attached.
Linked issues
is duplicated by 418
relates to 1
Attachments
Comments 66

We do not have enough information to find the cause of this issue.
Please attach the full launcher log found in [minecraft/launcher_log.txt|https://minecrafthopper.net/help/finding-minecraft-data-folder/]
.
This issue is being temporarily closed as Awaiting Response. Once the requested information has been delivered, the report will be reopened automatically.
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I have had this same issue as well. I am on mac and am having the exact same problem.
If you are familiar with a launcher called Lunar Client, none of the versions there have been working either, and that issue may correspond to this one.

Having same issue on Ubuntu. After removing via gdebi, deleting .minecraft folder, and downloading and installing the minecraft.deb file again, I get the same error when the launcher is started. Attaching launcher_log and launcher_cef_log files.
[media][media]

I had the same issue and resolved it by installing Java JRE on my computer.
(It seems like Minecraft isn't checking to see if Java is installed.)

I'm having this issue as well when I try to start Java Edition. I can't play at all. I uninstalled and reinstalled Minecraft, as well as restarted my computer with no luck at all.

I installed java and it worked again

Is there a solution to this?

after updating to windows 11 my keys have like a 5 sec delay lmao
I am also having this same issue.
As soon as I re-installed the mojang launcher it popped up and printed the same error:
Sorry, something went terribly wrong and you encountered a bug. Please report here.